Phonology-linguistics

Phonology is the study of the sound system of languages it is a huge area of language theory and it is difficult to do more on a general language course than have an outline knowledge of what it includes. At one extreme phonology is concerned with anatomy,and physiology-the organs of speech and how we learn to use them. At another extreme,phonology shades into socio-linguistics as we consider social attitudes to features of sound such as accent and intonation.

Phonetics-Linguistic

Phonetics is systematic study of speech and the sound of language traditionally phoneticians. Realy on careful listening and observation in order to describe speech sound.Articulatory phonetics is concerned with how the sounds of language are physically produced by the vocal apparatus. The units articulatory phonetics deals with are known as gestures,which are abstract characterizations of articulatory evebts.Speaking in terms of articulation,the sounds that we utter to make language can be split onto two different types: consonants and vowels. For the purpose of articulatory phonetics,consonant sounds that have constricted or closed configurations of the vocal tract. Vowels,on the other hand,are characterized in articulatory terms as having relatively little constriction; that is,an open configuration of the vocal tract.Phonetics has always had applications traditionally it has been important for language teaching,and for speech and language therapy.

Think big

THE WISE WORD

Unsuccessfulness like strong teacher who work hard for our interest,best and so much love us more than ourselves.

The most approved charm to let disappear the pessimistic is be-lieve in religion.

Supposing that I mist choose between having a government without press and have the press without the government so I will never confused to choose the last words. If you experience defeat,don't disperate

Take that experience to blaze your conciousness for combate so that your glorious aspirations reacted immediately.

Who has belief tight in god is stronger in his power,clever because his sagaciousness,win because his happiness.

Don't always longing for at happened in con-formity with your disire,but meet all event that happen with resolute,so that your heart always safe.

Morphology-Linguistic

Morphology

Morphology is the identification,analysis and description of the structure of words.

Morphemes

A Morpheme is roughly defined as the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. For example,the word boy cannot be broken down into any further unit of meaning

• b
• o
• y

We say that boy is made of only one morpheme.
But the word Antigovernment can be broken down into

• Anti: against
• Govern: to rule/administrate
• -ment: noun suffix

There for,we say that Antigovernment is made of three morphemes.

Affixation

Affixes are our workhorse morphemes-the tools we use again and again to ussemble new words,there are several kinds of affixes.

1. Suffixes are morphemes that attach to the end of a word. Example:-ion in motion and -ate in invertigate.
2. Prefixes attach to the beginning of a word. Example: re- in redo and un- in unthinkable
3. Infixes although english generally does not have infixes. An exception in english might be- bllody- example: Absobloodylutely
4. Circumfixes are affixes that surround the word,attaching to the beginning and end of the word. Example: a- -ing in a fliying or a- -ing in a caroling.

Inflection

Inflection in morphology is a type of morphology that deals only with the grammatical function of the word. In other words,it marks the grammatical categories. For example you'd add -ing when you want to put a verb in the progressive aspect. English only has eight inflectional morphemes,all of which are suffixes.

1. -s (after a noun) indicate plurality
2. -'s indicates the possesive case
3. -s (after verb) indicates the third-person singular
4. -ing indicates the progressive aspect or participles
5. -en indicates the perfect aspect in some irreguler verbs
6. -ed indicates the past tense
7. -er indicates comparatives
8. -est indicates superlatives